SS-31 30 mg

SS-31 peptide is a mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide developed to support mitochondrial structure, stability, and energy production. This SS-31 peptide selectively associates with cardiolipin within the inner mitochondrial membrane, a lipid essential for maintaining mitochondrial integrity and efficient electron transport. Through this targeted interaction, SS-31 helps preserve mitochondrial architecture, reduce oxidative damage, and improve cellular ATP generation.

By stabilizing mitochondrial function, SS-31 enhances overall cellular energy metabolism and limits the accumulation of reactive oxygen species. These properties have made it a widely studied compound in research areas involving mitochondrial dysfunction, including cardiac disorders, neurodegenerative conditions, metabolic-pathway research, and age-related cellular decline (Szeto, 2007, AAPS Journal).

(Szeto et al., 2014, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta).

Experimental data suggest that mitochondrial protection by SS-31 may support tissue resilience, slow functional deterioration, and improve bioenergetic efficiency in high-energy-demand organs such as the heart, brain, and skeletal muscle. Preclinical models have explored its relevance across ischemia-reperfusion cellular-stress model, heart failure, and neurodegeneration research contexts (Kloner et al., 2012, Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Research).

SS-31 is supplied as a research-grade compound, independently verified for purity prior to dispatch. Its small tetrapeptide structure ensures compatibility with standard in vitro and in vivo experimental protocols requiring precise mitochondrial targeting without off-target membrane disruption.

The peptide is supplied as a lyophilized powder to ensure optimal stability during storage and handling.

Mitochondria are the primary energy-producing organelles within cells and play a central role in oxidative phosphorylation, redox balance, and apoptosis regulation. Disruption of mitochondrial structure or cardiolipin composition can impair electron transport efficiency, increase oxidative stress, and reduce ATP output—processes commonly observed in cardiovascular-pathway research, neurodegeneration, kidney disorders, and aging.

SS-31 was developed to directly target these mitochondrial vulnerabilities. Its aromatic, positively charged structure enables rapid cellular uptake and selective localization to the inner mitochondrial membrane, where it binds cardiolipin without disrupting membrane potential. This unique mechanism distinguishes SS-31 from conventional antioxidants, allowing it to protect mitochondrial function at the structural level rather than simply scavenging free radicals.

Mitochondrial Membrane Stabilization

SS-31 binds cardiolipin and supports the organization of respiratory chain complexes, preserving membrane integrity and optimizing electron transport efficiency.

Reduction of Oxidative Stress

By stabilizing mitochondrial membranes, SS-31 limits electron leakage and reduces excessive reactive oxygen species generation, helping maintain redox balance.

Enhancement of ATP Production

Improved electron transport efficiency leads to increased ATP synthesis, supporting energy-dependent cellular processes in metabolically active tissues.

Preservation of Mitochondrial Dynamics

Research indicates that SS-31 supports mitochondrial fusion, limits excessive fission, and enhances mitophagy, contributing to long-term mitochondrial quality control.

Research Applications

Cardiovascular Research

SS-31 has been investigated in heart failure and cardiomyopathy models, where mitochondrial dysfunction plays a central role. Studies show improvements in mitochondrial respiration, energy efficiency, and cardiac functional parameters.

Neurodegenerative-Pathway Models

In neurological research, SS-31 has demonstrated neuronal-signalling properties by enhancing neuronal mitochondrial respiration, reducing neuroinflammatory signalling, and limiting oxidative damage associated with protein aggregation and neuronal loss.

Optic Nerve and Retinal Research

SS-31 has been studied in optic neuropathy models, where mitochondrial impairment contributes to retinal ganglion cell degeneration and visual dysfunction.

Renal and Metabolic Disorders

Mitochondrial dysfunction is a key contributor to kidney-pathway research and metabolic complications. SS-31 has shown protective effects on mitochondrial integrity and oxidative balance in experimental renal-pathway research models.

Aging and Skeletal Muscle Studies

Age-related declines in mitochondrial efficiency contribute to sarcopenia and reduced physical performance. SS-31 is used to explore strategies aimed at preserving muscle bioenergetics and functional capacity during aging.

Conclusion

SS-31 is a mitochondria-targeted peptide designed to preserve mitochondrial structure, reduce oxidative stress, and improve cellular energy production. By acting directly at the level of the inner mitochondrial membrane, it provides a targeted research approach for studying mitochondrial dysfunction across cardiovascular, neurological, metabolic, renal, and aging-related conditions. Its unique cardiolipin-binding mechanism positions SS-31 as a valuable tool in mitochondrial and bioenergetic research.

This product is intended for research and laboratory use only. It is designed exclusively for in vitro research purposes. All information provided is for educational and research reference only. This product is not intended for human or animal use. It is not a drug, food, or cosmetic and must not be marketed, labeled, or used as such. Use and handling are restricted to trained and qualified professionals.